Pascual González, J. (2021), “La tetrápolis de Cefalonia en 218 a.C.: colaboración con los etolios y respuesta macedonia”, Forvm Classicorvm, vol. ii, Sociedad Española de Estudios Clásicos, Madrid, pp. 899-906.
Within the Ionic Sea, Cephalonia had a series of characteristics that makes the island different from any other of the area. Thus, instead of having only one polis as the others neighbour islands, Cephalonia was set as a tetrapolis with the poleis of Cranioi, Same, Pale and Pronoi. In addition, due to its strategic location between the Peloponnese, Acarnania, Aetolia and Epirus, was coveted by the powers that wanted to impose its hegemony on Greece in every moment. In 218 B.C. the island was part of the Aetolian Confederacy and was the Aetolian base for the control of maritime routes, attack Macedonian allies interests and territories in the region, and to extend the Aetolian influence through the Western Greece and the Peloponnese. Because of all this, Philip V attacked it without success.
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